News Items Text 3 (Direct-Indirect Speech in News Item Text)

 

News Items Text 3

 

Kompetensi Dasar (KD):

3.31. Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks news item lisan dan tulis dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait berita sederhana dari koran/ radio/ TV, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.

4.31 Menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur

kebahasaan teks news items lisan dan tulis, dalam bentuk berita sederhana dari koran/ radio/ TV.

Indikator KBM

1. Menyebutkan bagian-bagian dari news item (Pertemuan 1)

2. Memberi informasi yang terkandung dalam news item (Pertemuan 2)

3. Memahami kalimat langsung dan tak langsung (direct and indirect speech) (Pertemuan 3)

 

1. Menganalisis bagian-bagian dari sebuah news item (Pertemuan 1)

2. Menyusun sebuah news item sederhana  (Pertemuan 2)

3. Menuliskan kalimat langsung dan tak langsung (direct and indirect speech) yang ada dalam sebuah news item (Pertemuan 3)

 

Tujuan KBM

* Mengidentifikasi dan merumuskan masalah tentang news item (Pertemuan 1)

* Mengumpulkan data tentang news item dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, unsur kebahasaan, maupun format penyampaian/ penulisannya (Pertemuan 1)

* Mengolah data tentang news item dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, unsur kebahasaan, maupun format penyampaian/penulisannya (Pertemuan 2)

* Mengomunikasikan tentang news item dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, unsur kebahasaan, maupun format penyampaian/penulisannya (Pertemuan 3)

 

Direct/ Indirect Speech in News Item Text

Kalimat Langsung/ Tak Langsung dalam Teks News Item

 

Direct Speech (KALIMAT LANGSUNG) adalah kalimat/ ucapan yang disampaikan langsung secara apa adanya. Dalam bahasa tulis, kalimat tersebut ditandai dengan tanda kutip (“...” ~ (reporting speech). Sedangkan Reported/ Indirect Speech (KALIMAT TAK LANGSUNG) adalah kalimat/ ucapan yang disampaikan tidak langsung (dengan cara berbeda) tanpa merubah pesan aslinya. Dalam bahasa tulis, teksnya tanpa ada tanda kutip—sebagai gantinya lazim (tidak harus) ditambah dengan kata that (bahwa). 

 

Sebelum melangkah jauh ke pembahasan, alangkah baiknya dipahami terlebih dulu apa yang dimaksud Reporting Speech dan Reported Speech. Reporting Speech adalah bagian dalam kalimat direct speech yang ditandai oleh tanda petik (“) dan diakhiri oleh tanda petik (“). Sedangkan Reported Speech adalah baigan awal dari kalimat direct speech.

 

Beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan disini adalah adanya:

1. Pergantian Tenses

Terdapat pergantian tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech. Tetapi ada pengecualian, yaitu jika reported speech pada direct speech merupakan present tense atau future tense maka TIDAK perlu ada pergantian tenses di indirect speech.

 

Perhatikan contoh berikut.

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
·         She says, "She is ill."	She says that she is ill.
·         You say, "I drink a cup of coffee every morning."	You say that you drink a cup of coffee every morning.

Teks tercetak tebal-tegak dinamakan reporting speech.

 

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
·         She said, "I take yoga class once a week."	She said that she took yoga class once a week.
·         Siska said, "We are watching a movie."	Siska said that they were watching a movie.
·         Jonny said, "My sister have finished her class."	Jonny said that her sister had finished her class.

Teks tercetak tebal-tegak dinamakan reported speech.

 

2. Pergantian Waktu

Jika dalam direct speech terdapat keterangan waktu seperti now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, dan tonight maka pada indirect speech keterangan waktu tersebut harus diganti.

 

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
·         He said, "I need my phone now.	·         He said that he need his phone then.
·         My mom said, "I am going to your school today."	·         My mom said that she was going to my school that day.
·         She said, "My uncle visited me yesterday."	·         She said that her uncle had visited her the previous day.
·         Clay said, "I am going to Jakarta tomorrow."	·         Clay said he was going to Jakarta the next day.
·         Clara said, "We are going to eat kebab tonight."	·         Clara said they were going to eat kebab that night.

 

3. Kalimat Perintah

Penulisan kalimat perintah pada indirect speech tentu berbeda dari direct speech. Biasanya kalimat perintah muncul dalam kalimat yang berisi saran, permohonan, permintaan, atau pesan.

 

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
My brother said to my sister, "Close the windows."	·         My brother ordered my sister to close the windows.
She said to him, "Bring your book, please."	She requested him to bring my book.
My teacher said to me, "Don't throw the rubbish in this room."	My teacher forbade me to throw the rubbish in that room.
Lily said to me, "You should find a job."	·         Lily advised me that I should find a job.
You said to me, "Consult a doctor."	You suggested me to consult a doctor.

 

4. Kalimat Tanya

Perubahan struktur kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan kalimat tanya, maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (berita).

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya “yes-no question” maka akan dirubah menjadi if/whether. Contohnya:

 

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
They asked me, “Do you want to join us to play football?”	·         They asked me if/whether I want to join them to play football
He asked me, “Does she want to marry me?”	He asked me if/whether she wants to marry her

 

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan 5W-1H question (Why, Who, What, When, WHere, How), maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif/ berita dengan cara sebagai berikut:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
He asked me, “why do you come late?	·        He asked me why I came late.
He asked me, “what does she eat?”	He asked me what she ate
He asked me, “when did you come?”	He asked me when I came
He asked me, “who are you?”	·        He asked me who I was.
He asked me, “who is she?”	He asked me who she was.

 

Indirect Speech biasanya digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang sudah lewat, sehingga ada perubahan tenses (waktu dan verb) dari kata-kata yang diucapkan. Digunakan juga kata kerja laporan (reporting verbs) seperti ‘say’, ‘tell’, ‘ask’, “allow”, report, dll. Selain itu kata ‘that’ (bahwa) bisa digunakan untuk mengenalkan kata-kata yang dikutip/ dilaporkan (the reported words).

 

Seperti diulas pada News Item Text 1, teks ini digunakan di media massa (koran, TV, majalah, dll.) juga medsos. Sebagai bagian dari ciri yang digunakan oleh para jurnalis, Direct/ Indirect Speech tidak asing dalam teks jenis ini (News item) dan Factual Report text. Makanya, materi ini disiipkan di sini.

 

Kita mulai dari contoh dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Direct à Indirect

Contoh BIN

        Andy bilang, “aku ini perawat.” à Andy bilang bahwa ia adalah perawat.

Materi ini perlu konsentrasi. Pelajari dengan seksama dan telaten.perubahan kalimat berikut.

 

A.     Study the following Direct & Indirect Speech

1)     I want to eat something.
(Aku ingin makan sesuatu.)
Direct: He told me, “I want to eat something”.
(Ia mengatakan kepadaku, “Aku ingin makan sesuatu.”)
Indirect: He told me that he wanted to eat something.
(Ia berkata padaku bahwa ia ingin makan sesuatu.)

2)     We are not eating.
(Kita tidak sedang makan.)
Direct: She said, “We are not eating.”
(Ia bilang, “Kita tidak sedang makan.”)
Indirect: She said that they were not eating.
(Ia bilang bahwa mereka tidak sedang makan.)

3)     I will go to the cinema tomorrow.
(Aku akan pergi ke bioskop besok.)
Direct: He said, “I will go to the cinema tomorrow.”
(Ia bilang, “Aku akan pergi ke bioskop besok.”)
Indirect: He said that he would go to the cinema the following day.
(Ia bilang bahwa ia akan pergi ke bioskop di hari berikutnya.)

4)     1)     They will not finish that project.

      (Mereka tidak akan menyelesaikan project itu)

      Direct: She said, “They will not finish that project.”
      (Ia bilang, “Mereka tidak akan menyelesaikan project itu”)

Indirect: She said that they would not finish the project.
(Ia bilang bahwa mereka tidak akan menyelesaikan project itu.)

5)     We just went to the dentist.
(Kita baru saja dari dokter gigi.)
Direct: He reported, “We just went to the dentist.”
(Ia melaporkan, “Kita baru saja dari dokter gigi.”)
Indirect: He reported that they had gone to the dentist.
(Ia melaporkan bahwa mereka baru saja dari dokter gigi.)

6)     She is not a doctor!
(Ia bukan seorang dokter!)
Direct: He told, “She is not a doctor.”
(Ia bilang, “Ia bukan seorang dokter.”)
Indirect: He told that she was not a doctor.
(Ia bilang bahwa ia bukan seorang dokter.)

7)     I’m coming!
(Aku datang!)
Direct: He said, “I’m coming!”
(Ia bilang, “Aku datang!”)
Indirect: He exclaimed that he was coming.
(Ia berseru bahwa ia sedang bergegas datang.)

8)     She wasn’t my friend!
(Ia bukan temanku!)
Direct: He said, “She wasn’t my friend.”
(Ia bilang, “Ia bukan temanku!”)
Indirect: He said that she had not been friend.
(Ia bilang bahwa wanita itu bukan temannya.)

9)     Do you go to school today?
(Apakah kau ke sekolah hari ini?)
Direct: She asked, “Do you go to school today?”
(Ia bilang, “Apakah kau ke sekolah hari ini?”)
Indirect: She asked whether I went to school that day.
(Ia bilang apakah aku ke sekolah hari itu.) 

10)  Did you attend that course?
(Apakah kau menghadiri kursus itu?)
Direct: He asked, “Did you attend that course?”
(Ia bertanya, “Apakah kau menghadiri kursus itu?”)
Indirect: He asked whether I had attended that course.
(Ia bertanya apakah aku menghadiri kursus itu.)

11)  Will you guys come to my party?
(Akankah kalian ating ke pestaku?)
Direct: He asked, “Will you guys come to my party?”
(Ia bertanya, “Akankah kalian datang ke pestaku?”)
Indirect: He asked whether we would come to his party.
(Ia bertanya apakah kita akan datang ke pestanya.)

12)  Is she talking to me?
(Apakah ia berbicara padaku?)
Direct: She said, “Is she talking to me?”
(Ia bertanya, “Apakah ia berbicara padaku?”)
Indirect: She asked whether she was talking to her.
(Ia bertanya apakah perempuan itu berbicara dengannya.) 

13)  I have been a doctor since 8 years ago.
(Aku telah menjadi dokter semenjak 8 tahun yang lalu.)
Direct: He said, “I have been a doctor since 8 years ago.”
(Ia bilang, “Aku telah menjadi dokter semenjak 8 tahun yang lalu.”)
Indirect: He said that he had been a doctor since 8 years ago.
(Ia bilang bahwa ia telah menjadi dokter semenjak 8 tahun yang lalu.)

14)  She has not eaten the steak.
(Ia belum memakan steaknya.)
Direct: I said, “She has not eaten the steak.”
(Aku berkata, “Ia belum makan steaknya.”)
Indirect: I said that she had not eaten the steak.
(Aku berkata bahwa ia belum makan steaknya tadi.)

15)  Have you gone to this museum?
(Apakah kalian sudah pernah ke museum ini?)
Direct: He asked, “Have you gone to this museum?”
(Ia bertanya, “Apakah kalian sudah pernah ke museum ini?”)
Indirect: He asked whether we had gone to that museum.
(Ia bertanya apakah kita sudah pernah ke museum tersebut)

 

BeBerapa hal yang dapat disimpulkan dari kalimat di atas adalah:

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
1	Now (sekarang)	Then (kemudian)
2	Today (hari ini) Tonight (malam ini)	That day (hari itu) That night (malam itu)
3	Tomorrow (besok)	The next day (hari berikut)
		The day after (hari berikut)
		The following day (hari berikut)
		A day later (hari berikut)
4	Next ... (…depan)	The ... after (… berikut)
5	Last ... (… lalu)	The … before/ The previous …
6	... ago (… yang lalu)	… before/ … earlier
7	Yesterday (kemarin)	Previous day (hari sebelumnya)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
1	V1 (eat)	V2 (ate)
2	V2 (ate)	Had + V3 (had eaten)
3	Am/is/are	Was/were
4	Do/does	Did
5	Do/does not (doesn’t)	Did not (didn’t)
6	Did not (didn’t)	Had not + V3
7	Was/were	Had been
8	Am/is/are + V-ing	Was/were + V-ing
9	Was/were +V-ing	Had been + V-ing
10	Has/have + V3	Had + V3
11	Will/shall/can/may/must	Would/should/could/might/had to
12	Could/might/should/would + V1/be	Could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech	Keterangan
1	He said, ‘I am a teacher.’	He said that he was a teacher.	Perubahan kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada Indirect Speech berubah sesuai dengan subjek pada Direct Speech.
2	Anita said, ‘I am very happy.’	She/Anita said that she was very happy.
3	I said, ‘I will be the winner.’	I said that I would be the winner.
4	They said, ‘We will not do this.’	They said that they would not do that.
5	We said, ‘We need to upgrade these computers.’	We said that we needed to upgrade those computers.
6	She said to me, ‘You can watch the movie.’	She told me that I could watch the movie.	Kata ganti orang kedua (You) juga berubah sesuai objek pada Direct Speech.
7	Guntur said to me, ‘You have to call me.’	Guntur/He told me that I had to call him.
8	She said to him, ‘You can watch the show.’	She told him that he could watch the show.
9	He said, ‘She is a bad girl.’	He said that she was a bad girl.	Namun, khusus untuk kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) tidak mengalami perubahan pada Indirect Speech.
10	She said, ‘They have been invited.’	She said that they had been invited.
11	They said, ‘He does not have the Driving License.’	They said that he did not have the Driving License.

Untuk info lebih tentang materi ini, kunjungi: https://belajargrammarbahasainggris.wordpress.com/2013/01/14/cara-cepat-belajar-direct-dan-indirect-speech-reported-speech/

 Latihan:

1.      Direct speech: She said, "I will take English class."

Indirect speech: ______

2.      Direct speech: Indra told me, "I bought a new laptop."

Indirect speech: ______

3.      Direct speech: Siska said, "Where do you live?"

Indirect speech: ______

4.      Direct speech: My mother says, "I like this song."

Indirect speech: _____

5.      Direct speech: He said, "My parents will go to museum tomorrow."

Indirect speech: ______

6.      Direct speech: ______

Indirect speech: She asked me how Jonny would get there.

7.      Direct speech: _____

Indirect speech: He said he hadn't seen his cat since the previous day.

8.      Direct speech: _____

Indirect speech: You told me to go to your house.

9.      Direct speech: _____

Indirect speech: She asked him to call her back later.

10.  Direct speech: _____

Indirect speech: My friend suggested me to try a new menu in the canteen.