Narrative Text 1-2
Past Tense in Narrative Text
Tujuan
Pembelajaran: setelah pembelajaran diharapkan siswa mampu:
1.
Mengidentifikasi
unsur kebahasaan narrative text:
- Past tense (Verb 2) dalam teks naratif (Pertemuan 1-2)
- Kalimat deklaratif dan interogatif dalam simple past tense
- Frasa adverbia: a long time, ago, once upon a time, in the end, happily ever after
- Nomina singular dan plural dengan atau tanpa a, the, this,
those, my, their, dsb.
- Ucapan, tekanan kata, intonasi, ejaan, tanda baca, dan
tulisan tangan (Pertemuan 3-4)
2.
Mengidentifikasi
pengertian & struktur teks naratif
3.
Mengambil teladan-pengalaman
dari teks naratif
4.
Membandingkan
peristiwa, pengalaman sebagai anak dan/ atau diri sendiri
Pengantar:
Dalam AKM (Assesmen Kompetensi Minimal) nanti terdapat materi literasi yang akan
diujikan, baik itu literasi informasi maupun literasi fiksi. Narrative text
merupakan materi literasi fiksi yang harus dipahami siswa. Namun sebelum masuk
ke teks naratif yang sesungguhnya, kita pelajari dulu hal-hal mendasar sebelum
ke teks tersebut.
Narrative Text 1
(Verb 2/ Past Tense dalam
Narrative Text)
Past tense adalah bentuk kata kerja yang berfungsi menjelaskan kejadian pada masa lalu (lampau/ sudah lewat). Ciri waktu/ kata keterangan (adverb) yang sering digunakan pada tense jenis ini adalah, misalnya: last week, yesterday, two days ago, this morning, dll. Kata kerja (Verb) yang digunakan adalah Verb 2. Contoh (+) He called Ryan yesterday (Ia menelpon Ryan kemarin).
Narrative text adalah jenis text (cerita) yang memiliki rangkaian peristiwa secara kronologis dan saling terhubung, bertujuan untuk menghibur pembacanya.
Dalam kalimat
Past Tense, Verb 2 yang digunakan memiliki ciri tertentu, yang berbeda dari
Verb 1 dan Verb 3. Verb 2 inilah yang sering muncul dalam Narrative text.
Sehingga, jika kalian memahami Verb 2 sangat mungkin kalian tidak kesulitan
memahami kalimat jenis Past tense ini. Dan Past tense inilah yang sering
digunakan dalam teks naratif.
Dalam teks naratif (teks cerita) sering ditemukan Verb 2. Namun sebelum kita belajar tentang Verb 2, kalian harus paham dulum pembagian verb.
Terdapat dua kelompok Verb (kata kerja): Regular Verb & Irregular Verb,
masing-masing memiliki tiga bentuk verb:
Verb 1 (Present), Verb 2 (Past), dan Verb 3 (Past Participle). Pelajarilah
contoh-contoh berikut.
|
Present (Verb 1) |
Past (Verb 2) |
Past
Participle (Verb 3) |
Meaning
(Arti) |
|
|
help (help) |
helped (helpt) |
helped (helpt) |
membantu |
|
|
laugh (la:f) |
laughed (la:ft) |
laughed (la:ft) |
menertawai |
|
|
miss (mis) |
missed (mist) |
missed (mist) |
kehilangan |
|
|
begin (bigIn) |
began (bigæn) |
begun (bigán) |
memulai |
|
|
drink (drink) |
drank (drænk) |
drunk (drank) |
minum |
|
|
know (nóu) |
knew (niú) |
known (nóun) |
tahu, kenal |
|
Agar bisa cepat
mengetahui Verb 2 dalam teks, kalian harus kenal dulu perubahan Verb (Verb 1 –
Verb 2 – Verb 3). Lihat tabel di atas. Yang berwarna hijau adalah contoh
kelompok Regular Verb. Sisanya adalah contoh kelompok Irregular Verb.
Ketahuilah, Verb terbagi 2 kelompok: Regular Verb (Kata Kerja Beraturan)
& IrRegular Verb (Kata Kerja Tak
Beraturan). Verb 1 = Verb yang belum mendapat imbuhan (mis: help, bukan helped, atau helping). Verb 1 bisa juga disebut Kata Kerja asal. Terkadang disebut infinitive. Biasanya digunakan dalam kalimat jenis Present Tense.
Beberapa contoh Verb 1 Regular (lihat tabel) adalah: help, laugh, miss.
Ketahuilah, Verb 2 (Past Tense) terbagi 2 kelompok: Regular Verb (Kata Kerja Beraturan) & IrRegular Verb (Kata Kerja Tak Beraturan). Verb 2 Regular bentuk (+) berciri akhiran –ed. Pelajari contoh berikut.
|
Subject |
Verb 2 |
Object |
Keterangan |
|
I You We They He She It |
helped |
a friend |
-
Verb 2 digunakan dalam kalimat Past
Tense. -
Ada 3 cara pengucapan verb dengan akhiran –ed, yaitu: ·
Diucapkan ‘t’, à 5 verb di sebelah kiri ·
Misal: He missed the bus yesterday
evening. |
|
laughed |
at the joke |
||
|
missed |
the bus |
||
|
fixed |
the computer |
||
|
touched |
the magazine |
||
|
stayed |
at home |
·
Diucapkan ‘d’, à 5 verb di sebelah kiri Misal: -
Nina stayed at the hospital
two weeks ago, Some people tried to touch
the black stone this morning |
|
|
tried |
the food |
||
|
lied |
to a worker |
||
|
owned |
a cat |
||
|
signed |
The receipt |
||
|
wanted |
a break |
·
Diucapkan ‘ed’, à 5 verb di sebelah kiri -
Last year, my school needed 40 units
of computer for UNBK. ·
One day, Pinokio tasted the fruit.
Then, he wanted some more food |
|
|
needed |
a laptop |
||
|
added |
an example |
||
|
translated |
the paper |
||
|
tasted |
the soup |
Kalimat di atas bentuknya (+), sedangkan bentuk ( - ) dan (?) contohnya adalah sbb.
|
Bentuk Kalimat |
Kalimat Past Tense, Verbal |
Kalimat Past Tense, Nominal |
|
( + ) |
We wanted patient teachers |
They were at home |
|
( - ) |
We did not want patient teachers |
They were not at home |
|
( ? ) |
Did we want patient
teachers? |
Were they at home? |
|
( + ) |
He translated into English well |
He was a gynecologist |
|
( - ) |
He did not translate into English well |
He was not a gynecologist |
|
( ? ) |
Did they translate
into English well? |
Was he a gynecologist? |
Tidak seperti Regular, IrRegular Verb 2 bentuk (+) memiliki ciri perubahan dari Verb 1 – Verb 2 – Verb 3 menurut masing-masing verb itu sendiri. IrRegular Verb 2 berikut hanya sebagian saja Pelajarilah yang lainnya dalam grammar atau dari Link https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gedev.irregular ).
|
Common Used Irregular Verbs (Katakerja Tak Beraturan yang Sering Digunakan)
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A.
Contoh kalimat
Past Tense (Verb 2) IrRregular:
|
Subject |
Verb 2 |
Object |
Keterangan |
|
I You We They He/ She |
ate |
breakfast |
Kalimat,
berdasarkan predikatnya, terbagi dua: kalimat verbal dan kalimat nominal. Predikat kalimat
ini adalah verb (tepatnya verb 2), maka ia dinamakan kalimat verbal. |
|
saw |
a comedy |
||
|
wrote |
an essay |
||
|
slept |
well |
||
|
had |
a problem |
||
|
You |
became |
smart |
|
|
He |
drank |
the coffee |
|
|
We |
felt |
proud |
|
|
She |
came |
home |
|
|
They |
forgot |
everything |
|
|
I |
was |
a student |
Predikat
kalimat ini adalah to be (tepatnya to be 2: was dan were), maka ia dinamakan
kalimat nominal. |
|
He |
was |
a soldier |
|
|
They |
were |
doctors |
|
|
We |
were |
professionals |
|
|
You |
were |
a professor |
B. Contoh kalimat Past Tense (Verb 2) Regular:
1)
They
treated Cinderella very badly (Mereka memperlakukan Cinderella dengan sangat
buruk).
2)
The prince fell in love with Cinderella (Sang Pangeran jatuh cinta pada Cinderella).
3)
One day, a man had
a wonderful parrot (Pada jaman dulu,
seorang lelaki mempunyai seekor burung nuri yang luar biasa).
4)
The parrot was
standing proudly (Nuri tersebut berdiri
dengan perasaan bangga).
5)
"Friend, what did the
bear whisper into your ears?" (“Kawan, apa yang beruang bisikkan padamu?”)
6)
There were two close friends
who were walking through the forest together (Ada dua sahabat …
C. Contoh Verb 2 (Past tense) dalam Narrative
Text (stabilo kuning)
|
A
tiger and a fox One day a tiger was
hunting around in a forest. An unlucky fox was met and caught by the tiger. For the fox, the
inescapable destination was
very clear — death. Despite the danger, the fox thought hard to find a way out. Promptly, the fox declared to the tiger,
“How dare you kill me!” On hearing the words the
tiger was
surprised and asked
for the reason.” The fox raised
his voice a bit higher and declared
arrogantly: “To tell you the truth, it’s I who was accredited by God to
the forest as the king of all the animals! If you kill me, that will against
the God’s will, you know?” Seeing that the tiger became suspicions, the
fox added: “Let’s
have a test. Let’s go through the forest. Follow me and you will see how the
animals are frightened of me.” The tiger agreed. So the fox walked ahead of the
tiger proudly through the forest. As you can imagine, the animals, seeing the
tiger behind, were all terribly frightened and ran away. Then the fox said
proudly: “There is no doubt that what I said is true, isn’t it?” The tiger had nothing to say but
to acknowledge the result. So the tiger nodded and said: “You are right. You are the king.” |
Nah, untuk
mengetahui bahwa kalian sudah paham perubahan Verb 1 ke Verb 2 (tentu juga
sebaliknya), kerjakan Verb 1 dalam kurung di bawah ini ke Verb 2.
D. Change (rubahlah) into Verb 2
Berikut adalah cuplikan cerita “The Smartest
Parrot”
|
The man (feel) excited having the smartest parrot but he (can) not understand why the parrot would not say Catano. The man (think) and (try) to (teach) the bird to say Catano however the bird did not keep saying the word. At the first, the man (be) very nice to the bird but then he
(get) very angry. “You stupid bird!” (point) the man to the parrot. “Why
can’t you say the word? Say Catano! Or I will kill you” the man (say)
angrily. Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would not say it. Then
the man got so angry and (shout) to the bird over and over; “Say Catano or
I’ll kill you.” The bird (keep) not to say the word of Catano. |
Narrative
Text 2
Materi (Pertemuan 2):
- Kalimat deklaratif dan interogatif dalam simple past tense
- Frasa adverbia: a long time, ago, once upon a time,
in the end, happily ever after
- Nomina singular dan plural dengan atau tanpa a, the,
this, those, my, their, dsb.
Kalimat
Deklaratif & Interogatif dalam Narrative Text
Pada pertemuan sebelumnya kita telah mempelajari “Past Tense dalam Narrative Text”. Materi tersebut perlu dipelajari lebih dulu karena kalimat dalam bentuk ini (past tense) yang dominan dalam narrative text. Bagi kalian yang belum memahami apa itu past tense—dan tentu juga verb 2, sebaiknya pelajari materi itu terlebih dulu sebelum melangkah ke materi yang sekarang. Link Simple Past tense:
A. Apa kalimat deklaratif itu?
|
Kalimat Deklaratif/ Kalimat Statement (Pernyataan) |
|
Declarative sentence/ kalimat deklaratif, disebut juga statement atau dalam bahasa Indonesia kalimat pernyataan. Lebih jelas lagi adalah kalimat positif. Kalimat deklaratif isinya memberikan informasi. Kalimat ini di akhir kalimatnya ditandai dengan titik/ period. Sebelum membuat contoh declarative sentence mari kita pastikan bahwa declarative sentence yang kita pelajari adalah yang berjenis simple past tense (karena ada juga declarative sentence jenis simple present tense, misalnya). SIMPLE PAST TENSE adalah tense (jenis waktu) yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang SUDAH dilakukan dan sudah SELESAI. Stuktur
kalimat simple past tense adalah*): (+) Subject + Verb-2 …
(Kalimat Deklaratif) (-) Subject + did not + Verb 1 … (Kalimat Negatif) (?) Did + Subject + Verb 1 … (Kalimat Interogatif) *) Yang distabilo adalah fokus perubahan bentuk (+), (-) dan (?)nya. Lihat 15 contoh kalimat simple past tense di bawah. Keterangan
waktu (adverb) yang biasanya digunakan simple past tense adalah: - yesterday - a week ago, two
days ago, … ago - last week, last
month, last year, last … - this morning Contoh
kalimat Simple Past Tense bentuk (+), (-), (?) [Yang distabilo adalah fokus bentuk (+), (-) dan (?)nya] A. Declarative
sentence/ kalimat pernyataan/ kalimat positif: 1.
I went to Jogjakarta with my friends last week. (Saya pergi ke Jogjakarta bersama
teman- teman saya minggu lalu. 2.
Dion won the speech contest in his school two days
ago. (Dion
memenangkan kontes pidato di sekolahnya dua hari yang lalu) 3.
Sinta and Sindi were at the school library
yesterday afternoon. (Sinta dan
Sindi berada di perpustakaan sekolah kemarin siang) 4.
He sent a letter to his friends last
Sunday. (Dia mengirim
sebuah surat kepada temannya Minggu lalu) 5.
My mother cooked fried rice for
my birthday party last month. (Ibu saya
memasak nasi goreng untuk pesta ulang tahun saya bulan lalu) B. Negative
sentence/ kalimat negatif: 6.
Our futsal team did not join the
futsal tournament because we didn’t have enough money. (Tim futsal
kami tidak mengikuti turnamen futsal karena kami tidak memiliki cukup uang) 7.
Karina did not get what she expected from
the seminar last week. (Karina tidak
mendapat apa yang dia harapkan dari seminar minggu lalu) 8. He did not come to school yesterday because he was sick. (Dia tidak datang ke sekolah kemarin karena dia
sakit) 9. You did not pay the tax last year. (Kamu
tidak membayar pajak tahun lalu) 10. I was not at home when he came last night. (Saya tidak berada di rumah ketika kamu datang
tadi malam) C.
Interrogative sentence/ kalimat
interogatif/ kalimat tanya:
11. What did you buy last Sunday? (Apakah yang kamu beli Minggu lalu?) 12. Were
you at Andi’s house yesterday? (Apakah kamu berada di rumah Andi kemarin?) 13. Where Did Doni go last week? (Kemana Doni pergi minggu lalu?) 14. Did
they do the Math exam two days ago? (Apakah mereka mengerjakan ulangan Matematika dua
hari yang lalu?) 15. Was
she fat? (Apakah dia dulu gemuk?) |
Coba perhatikan
contoh Narrative Text yang pernah kita pelajari. Coba temukan, mana yang kalimat deklaratif? Adakah kalimat negatif? Kalimat interogatif?
|
On Friday, the children talked about a day
out together in the country. The next morning, they went to the country with their two dogs
and played together. Ben and Dave had some kites. Sometime later the dogs were not there.
So they called them and looked for them in the forest. After half an hour the children
found them and took them back. Charlie was very happy to see them again. At lunch
time Nick went to the bikes and fetched the basket with some meat sandwiches.
Then they played football. Nick
and Dave won. In the evening they rode home. |
Dalam contoh di
atas, yang muncul (stabilo
biru) adalah kalimat deklaratif atau kalimat positif, meskipun
sebenarnya masih ada lagi yang lain. Yang berstabilo pink adalah kalimat negatif. Artinya,
jika kalian bisa memahami kalimat deklaratif dan kalimat interogatif—jenis Past
Tense, sama artinya kalian akan mudah memahami salah satu ciri narrative text.
B. Lalu apa kalimat interrogative/ kalimat tanya itu?
Dengan membandingkan contoh-contoh dalam box di atas, perhatikan kalimat interrogatif dalam box di bawah ini.
|
Once upon time, a man had a wonderful parrot. There was no other parrot like it. The parrot could say every word, except one word. The parrot would not say the name of the place where it was born. The name of the place was Catano. The man felt excited having the smartest parrot but he could not understand why the parrot would not say Catano. The man tried to teach the bird to say Catano however the bird kept not saying the word. At the first, the man was
very nice to the bird but then he got very angry. “You stupid bird!” pointed
the man to the parrot. “Why
can’t you say the word? Say Catano! Or I will kill you” the man said
angrily. Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would not say it. Then
the man got so angry and shouted to the bird over and over; “Say Catano or
I’ll kill you”. The bird kept not to say the word of Catano. |
Perhatikan teks
yang distabilo abu-abu di atas: “Why can’t you say the word?” Kalimat ini adalah kalimat interogatif/
kalimat tanya. Ia senantiasa diakhiri dengan tanda tanya. Lihat, dari
tiga paragraf tersebut ternyata hanya ada satu kalimat interogatif/ kalimat
tanya. Adakah yang lain menurutmu? Bagaimana, sudah
paham, kan?
C. Frase adverbia (adverb phrase) itu apa?
Frase adverbia/ frase kata keterangan (adverb phrase) adalah satu atau sekelompok kata yang berfungsi sebagai kata keterangan dalam sebuah kalimat. Misal: a long time, ago, once upon a time, in the end, happily ever after
|
a long time = dahulu kala ago = yang lalu once upon a time = pada suatu saat in
the end = pada
akhirnya happily ever
after = bahagia selamanya |
Ada banyak jenis adverb phrase, yang dibahas di sini yang jenis
linking (penghubung). Jenis ini
digunakan untuk memberikan informasi tentang hubungan antara klausa-klausa dan
kalimat-kalimat.
Contohnya:
· It rained very heavily this month. Therefore, many places were covered by flood.
Tentu, adverb phrase tidak hanya itu. Ada sejumlah adverb phrase yang lain. Silakan pelajari lebih lanjut, misalnya melalui link: https://bahasainggris.pro/phrase/adverb-phrase
Tugas:
Temukan kalimat deklaratif/ kalimat positif atau kalimat interogatif (kalimat tanya) di bawah ini.
|
Fox and A Cat One day, a cat and a fox were having a conversation. The fox, who was a conceited creature, boasted how clever she was. “Why, I know at least a hundred tricks to get away from our mutual enemies, the dogs,” she said. “I know only one trick to get away from dogs,” said the cat. “You should teach me some of yours!” “Well, maybe someday, when I have the time, I may teach you a few of the simpler ones,” replied the fox relax. Just then they heard the barking of a pack of dogs in the distance. The barking grew louder and louder – the dogs were coming in their direction! At once the cat ran to the nearest tree and climbed into its branches, well out of reach of any dog. “This is the trick I told you about, the only one I know”, said the cat. “Which one of your hundred tricks are you going to use?” The fox sat silently under the tree, wondering which trick she should use. Before she could make up her mind, the dogs arrived. They fell upon the fox and tore her to pieces. Moral:
A single plan that works is better than a hundred doubtful plans. Rubah dan Seekor Kucin Suatu hari,
kucing dan rubah sedang mengobrol dengan asiknya. Rubah adalah makhluk yang
sombong, membual tentang betapa pintarnya dia. “Kenapa, setidaknya aku tahu
seratus trik untuk menjauhi musuh kita bersama, yaitu anjing”, katanya. “Saya hanya
tahu satu trik untuk menjauh dari anjing”, kata si kucing. “Kamu harus
mengajariku beberapa trikmu!” “Baiklah,
mungkin suatu hari nanti, ketika aku punya waktu, aku bisa mengajarimu
beberapa trik yang sederhana,” jawab si rubah dengan santai. Sesaat
kemudian, mereka mendengar gonggongan sekawanan anjing dari kejauhan,
gonggongan tersebut semakin keras, anjing pun datang menuju ke arah mereka!
Seketika si kucing berlari ke pohon yang paling dekat dan kemudian naik ke
cabang-cabangnya, dan di luar jangkauan anjing. “Ini adalah trik yang aku
katakan tadi, satu-satunya yang aku tahu,” kata si kucing. “Mana salah satu
dari seratus trikmu yang akan kamu gunakan?” Rubah pun
duduk diam di bawah pohon, membayangkan trik apa yang harus dia lakukan.
Sebelum dia bisa mengambil keputusan, kemudian anjing tiba dan menyergap
rubah serta mencabik-cabiknya. Pesan Moral: Satu rencana yang dilakukan akan lebih baik daripada seratus rencana yang masih diragukan. |
1)
Paragraf
1 baris 1 (One day, a cat and a
fox were having a conversation) yang muncul
adalah…
2)
Paragraf
2 baris 1 “I know only one trick
to get away from dogs,” said the cat.)
yang muncul adalah…
3)
Paragraf
3 baris 1 (Just then they heard
the barking of a pack of dogs in the distance.)
yang muncul adalah…
4)
Paragraf
4 baris 2-3 (At once the cat ran to
the nearest tree and climbed into its branches)
yang muncul adalah…
5)
Paragraf
4 baris 4-5 (“Which one of your
hundred tricks are you going to use?”)
yang muncul adalah…
6)
Paragraf
5 baris 1 (The fox sat silently
under the tree) yang muncul
adalah…
7)
Paragraf
5 baris 1-2 (Before she could make
up her mind, the dogs arrived.) yang muncul
adalah…
8)
Paragraf
5 baris 2-3 (They fell upon the fox
and tore her to pieces.) yang muncul
adalah…
9)
Paragraf
1 baris 1 (One day, a cat and a
fox were having a conversation.) adverb phrase yang
muncul adalah…
10)
Paragraf
4 baris 1 (Just then they heard
the barking of a pack of dogs in the distance.) adverb
phrase yang muncul adalah…
D. Lalu apa pula itu Nomina singular dan nomina plural?
Materi ini (nomina) terkait dengan ‘kata benda’. Kata benda (noun) dapat dibedakan menjadi bentuk singular dan plural. Singular noun berarti kata benda tunggal, sedangkan plural nouns berarti kata benda jamak/ lebih dari satu. Penjelasannya (karena bisa sangat panjang) silakan buka, misalnya, dari link berikut: https://kelasbahasainggris.com/penjelasan-lengkap-singular-dan-plural-nouns .
Atau yang
berbasis Youtube, misalnya link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQjJJCIAZrU
11)
Which one is a plural noun?
boy
boys
boyish
12)
Which one is a singular noun?
mouse
mice
mouses
13)
The plural form of tooth is …
toothies
teeth
teeths
14)
There is a .... (knife) in the kitchen.
knife
knifes
knives
15)
There are many ..... (fish) in the pond.
fish
fishes
fishies
16)
The plural form of leaf is …
leafs
leafes
leaves
17)
Which one is the correct plural form
of potato?
potatos
potatoes
potatose
18)
The singular form of feet is
foot
food
fet
19)
There is one .... (deer) in the park
deer
deers
deeres
20) There
are many .... (child) in the school.
childs
children
childrens
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